Where do free valence electrons flow when connected to an electrical supply?

The flow of free valence electrons in an electrical circuit is from areas of negative potential to areas of positive potential. This is because electrons are negatively charged particles, and they are attracted to positive charges. When an electrical supply is connected to a circuit, such as a battery or generator, it creates a potential difference; the negative terminal offers an abundance of electrons, while the positive terminal has a deficit of electrons.

In this context, the electrons move from the negative terminal through the circuit toward the positive terminal. This is where the correct choice resides, as it accurately represents the direction of electron flow in an electric circuit, following the principle of charge movement in relation to potential difference. Understanding this concept is crucial in electrical engineering, as it informs how electrical circuits are designed and analyzed, focusing on electron flow rather than conventional current, which assumes current flows from positive to negative.