What is the true statement regarding modern alternators?

Modern alternators are designed to operate by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction. The correct statement about them is that they consist of a rotor and a rotating stator.

In modern alternators, the rotor (the rotating component) is typically an electromagnet that generates a magnetic field. Surrounding this rotor is the stator, which is the stationary part containing the windings where the electrical output is induced. As the rotor spins, its magnetic field interacts with the stator windings, producing alternating current (AC).

This arrangement allows for efficient generation of electrical energy and is a fundamental principle behind how alternators work. The rotor generates a magnetic field, and the stator, as a stationary component, captures the induced currents from this changing magnetic field.

The other options do not accurately describe the fundamental design and operation of modern alternators. They are either incomplete or incorrect regarding the essential components involved in generating electricity. Thus, the correct understanding of an alternator includes both a rotor and a stator, affirming that the correct answer highlights their functional relationship in electricity generation.