What is the heating value (in MJ/kg) of a fuel with 68% Carbon, 4% Hydrogen, and 0.75% Sulphur?

To determine the heating value of a fuel composed of 68% carbon, 4% hydrogen, and 0.75% sulfur, one can use a formula that incorporates the percentages of key elements in the fuel, specifically focusing on carbon and hydrogen as they are the primary contributors to the heating value.

The general approach for calculating the higher heating value (HHV) is to consider the contributions of carbon and hydrogen:

1. The heating value per kilogram contributed by carbon can be determined using the combustion energy of carbon, which is approximately 32 MJ/kg. Therefore, the contribution of carbon is (0.68 \times 32 = 21.76) MJ/kg.

2. The heating value contribution from hydrogen is based on its combustion energy, approximately 120 MJ/kg. Thus, for hydrogen, it is (0.04 \times 120 = 4.8) MJ/kg.

3. Additionally, sulfur contributes to the heating value through its combustion, but its contribution is generally smaller in the context of energy calculations; it's often neglected or considered separately unless dealing with high-sulfur fuels or specific conditions.

Adding these contributions together gives:

[ \text{Total Heating Value} = 21.76 \text{