What are the four basic functional blocks of a control loop?

The four basic functional blocks of a control loop are indeed Process, Measurement, Automatic controller, and Final control element.

In a control system, the "Process" refers to the system or operation that is being controlled, whether it’s a boiler, a temperature system, or any other process that requires regulation.

"Measurement" is the block that involves sensors or devices that monitor the current state or output of the process. This data is crucial as it provides the necessary feedback to the system on how well the process is operating concerning the desired setpoint.

The "Automatic controller" is responsible for interpreting the measured data and determining the needed adjustments to be made to maintain or return the process to the desired state. It works by comparing the measurement with the setpoint and calculating the difference, known as the error, which prompts the controller to take action.

Finally, the "Final control element" represents the actuator or device that makes the necessary adjustments to the process based on the controller’s output. This could be a valve, a motor, or any mechanism that can influence the process by changing conditions such as flow rate, pressure, or temperature.

Together, these four components create a closed-loop control system where real-time process conditions are continuously monitored, compared,