The flow of free valence electrons in a conductor is directed towards which pole of a battery?

In a conductor, free valence electrons move towards the positive pole of a battery. This movement is a result of the electric field established by the battery, which directs positive charge flow. Since electrons are negatively charged, they are attracted to the higher potential, which is the positive terminal.

When a circuit is completed, the electric field causes electrons to flow away from the negative terminal, where they are in higher concentration, towards the positive terminal, where there is a deficit of electrons. This movement of electrons creates a flow of electric current in the circuit, which is defined conventionally as the flow of positive charge in the direction opposite to that of the actual flow of electrons. Therefore, the correct understanding is that free valence electrons in a conductor are directed towards the positive pole of the battery.